Mohiniyattam

Mohiniyattam, one of the classical dance forms of Kerala, India, is known for its graceful movements and captivating storytelling. The name itself is derived from ‘Mohini,’ the enchanting female form assumed by Lord Vishnu in Hindu mythology, and ‘attam,’ meaning dance. This art form beautifully blends the delicate elegance of Bharatanatyam with the swaying, lyrical movements unique to Kerala’s dance traditions.

Historical Background: Mohiniyattam has its roots in the ancient temple rituals of Kerala and was traditionally performed by Devadasis in the royal courts of Kerala’s kings. It flourished during the reign of Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma, the 19th-century Maharaja of Travancore, who was an ardent patron of the arts. He composed many of the lyrics and musical compositions that continue to be a part of Mohiniyattam’s repertoire today.

Costume and Appearance: The traditional costume of Mohiniyattam is characterized by its simplicity and elegance. The dancer wears an off-white saree with golden borders (known as ‘Kasavu’), symbolizing purity and grace. The hair is neatly tied in a bun adorned with jasmine flowers, complementing the dancer’s serene and expressive facial gestures.

Music and Rhythm: Mohiniyattam is performed to the accompaniment of Carnatic music, with lyrics typically in Manipravalam, a blend of Malayalam and Sanskrit. The rhythmic patterns are set to Sopana Sangeetham, a style of music native to Kerala temples. Instruments like the Mridangam, Edakka, flute, and veena enhance the performance, creating a soulful ambiance.

Expression and Technique: Mohiniyattam is known for its soft, flowing movements and gentle swaying of the torso, reflecting the swaying of palm trees in the coastal breeze of Kerala. It emphasizes Lasya (grace and beauty), with a focus on subtle facial expressions (Abhinaya) to convey emotions. The movements are delicate, circular, and fluid, contrasting the more rigid and angular postures seen in other classical dance forms.

Themes and Performance: The themes of Mohiniyattam are often inspired by devotion, love, and nature. Many of the compositions narrate stories from Hindu mythology, especially tales related to Lord Vishnu and Krishna. The dance form also explores the beauty of nature, portraying the gentle movements of animals, birds, and the swaying of flowers.